For a Few Dollars More

For a Few Dollars More (Italian: Per qualche dollaro in più) is a 1965 Italian spaghetti western film directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef, and Gian Maria Volonté. German actor Klaus Kinski also plays a supporting role as a secondary villain. The film was released in the United States in 1967 and is the second part of what is commonly known as the Dollars Trilogy, following A Fistful of Dollars and preceding The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.

Plot

The Man with No Nameâ€""Manco"â€" and Colonel Douglas Mortimerâ€"the "Man in Black"â€"are two bounty hunters in pursuit of "El Indio," one of the most wanted fugitives in the Wild West, and his gang. El Indio is ruthless, clever, and brutal. He has a musical pocketwatch that he plays before engaging in gun duels. "When the chimes finish, begin," he says. Flashbacks reveal that El Indio took the watch from a young woman. El Indio found her with her lover (in Joe Millard's novelization of the film, her newly-wed husband), killed him, and raped her; she killed herself while being raped. There is a photograph of the woman inside the cover of the watch; it was a gift from her lover.

Mortimer illegally stops a train in Tucumcari, and kills Guy Calloway, collecting a bounty of $1,000. Mortimer displays his gunslinging skill as he easily kills Calloway from long range. He inquires about Red "Baby" Cavanagh, who has a $2,000 bounty on him, and was last seen in White Rocks. He learns that Cavanagh has already been targeted by "Manco" ("one-armed" in Spanish â€" see below for an explanation).

Manco rides into White Rocks and finds Cavanagh in a saloon playing five-card draw poker. Manco kills him and his men, and collects the bounty.

The two bounty hunters, after learning about each other, meet in El Paso and, after butting heads, decide to team up to take down El Indio and his gang.

El Indio's next target is the Bank of El Paso and its disguised safe containing "almost a million dollars." Mortimer persuades a reluctant Manco to join El Indio's gang for the robbery in order to "get him between two fires." Manco rescues one of Indio's friends from prison and is admitted to the gang.

El Indio and his gang invade the bank and carry off the safe, which they can't open. They ride to the small border town of Agua Caliente, where Mortimer is waiting. One of El Indio's men, the hunchback Wild, recognizes Mortimer from a previous encounter in which Mortimer had deliberately insulted him. He forces a showdown and Mortimer kills him.

Mortimer then proves his worth to El Indio by cracking open the safe without using explosives. El Indio then says he will wait a month before dividing the loot to allow the furor over the bank robbery to die down and locks the money away.

Manco and Mortimer attempt to steal the bank money from El Indio, but are caught in the act. El Indio's men severely beat them and tie them up. Later, El Indio's right-hand man Nino, on orders from El Indio, kills their guard and releases them. El Indio informs his gang that Manco and Mortimer "got away", and sends the gang in pursuit. He intends to kill off his gang and Manco and Mortimer, while he and Nino take all the loot for themselves. However, one of the more intelligent members of the gang, Groggy, figures out what El Indio is up to, and kills Nino. Before he kills El Indio, he finds that Mortimer has already removed the stolen money from where El Indio had hidden it. El Indio convinces Groggy to join forces with him to trap Manco and Mortimer.

The next morning, El Indio's men confront Manco and Mortimer in the streets of Agua Caliente. Manco and Mortimer kill the gang, one by one, in a running gun battle. Standing alone, Mortimer shoots Groggy as he runs for cover, but then has his gun shot out of his hand by El Indio. El Indio then takes out his pocketwatch and starts it playing. As the music nears the end, Manco suddenly appears with an identical pocketwatch, playing the same tune as El Indio's, which Mortimer realizes had been taken from him earlier. Manco has El Indio covered with a rifle (an 1854 Jennings Rifle Company Volcanic Rifle). He forces El Indio to wait while he gives his own gunbelt and pistol to Mortimer, evening the odds.

"Now we start," Manco announces, and sits down while Mortimer and El Indio face off, with the watch playing again. During the standoff, Manco looks in Mortimer's pocketwatch and sees the same photo as in El Indio's watch. The music finishes, and Mortimer outdraws and guns down El Indio.

Mortimer takes El Indio's pocketwatch. Manco gives him back the other watch and remarks on a family resemblance to the photo. "Naturally, between brother and sister," Mortimer answers. His revenge complete, Mortimer declines a share of the bounties. Manco tosses the bodies of El Indio and his men into a wagon, adding up the bounties, and finds he is short of the $27,000 total. He spins around to gun down Groggy, who had survived and was sneaking up behind him. As he leaves, he recovers the money stolen from the Bank of El Paso, though it is not clear whether he intends to return it. He then rides off into the distance with two horses towing the wagon.

Cast

Leads

• Clint Eastwood as Manco (the "Man with No Name"):

In the English-dubbed version of the film, Eastwood's character is said to "go by the name of 'Manco.'" "Manco" means "one-armed" and "lame of one hand" in Spanish and "limp" in Portuguese; Eastwood's character performs nearly all actions using only his left hand, to leave free his right hand, with which he draws. His behavior thus bears a joking resemblance to that of a one-armed man.

In the original Italian version, Eastwood's character's sobriquet is "Monco", the Italian equivalent of the word "manco". Thus in many written sources, the Man with No Name is called Monco, due to the Italian form. In any case, the English-dubbed voices of the film's characters seemingly pronounce "Manco" when they refer to him.

• Lee Van Cleef as Colonel Douglas Mortimer:

Colonel Douglas Mortimer is a rival bounty hunter, though he is much older than Eastwood's character: "almost fifty years of age." Manco, Clint Eastwood's character, travels to visit a man known as "The Prophet" early in the movie to find out all he can about his rival. "The Prophet" explains Colonel Douglas Mortimer to have "once been a great man, a soldier" and "the finest shot in the Carolinas. Now he's reduced to being a bounty killer same as you." Unlike Manco, Mortimer's motivation throughout the movie is not the bounty over El Indio and his gang, but vengeance for the death of Mortimer's sister many years before, who killed herself while being raped by Indio. During an encounter with El Indio in the movie, Mortimer exclaims, "This is Colonel Mortimer, Douglas Mortimer. Does the name mean anything to you?" Having seen the death of Indio, Mortimer leaves all of the bounty to be collected by Manco at the end of the movie. Mortimer says to Manco, after being questioned by Manco about the bounty, "It's all for you, I think you deserve it." Mortimer rides off alone at the end, as his purposes were then completed.

• Gian Maria Volonté as El Indio:

El Indio (Spanish for "The Indian") is a ruthless psychopath, considered by the authorities in the film to be one of the worst criminals of the times; according to a bank official - "Not even Indio would dare to rob that one." In a flashback sequence it is revealed that he shot a young man (Peter Lee Lawrence) and raped his wife (Rosemary Dexter). The girl, who was the sister of Colonel Mortimer, shot and killed herself during the rape. El Indio smokes marijuana to ease the intensity of the memory (it has been claimed that Indio's use of the drug makes this the first use of marijuana by a character in a major film production). El Indio has a gang of fourteen men who rob the bank in El Paso. Although he is otherwise completely insensitive and ruthless, the act of killing Mortimer's sister distresses him to an ascertainable degree, as it lingers in his memory profoundly; notable in most Sergio Leone films is there being antagonistic or authoritarian characters having a strange psychopathic behaviour.

Indio's gang

• Mario Brega as Niño
• Luigi Pistilli as Groggy
• Aldo Sambrell as Cuchillo
• Klaus Kinski as Wild, the hunchback
• Benito Stefanelli as Hughie (a.k.a. Luke)
• Luis Rodríguez as Manuel
• Panos Papadopulos as Sancho Perez
• Werner Abrolat as Slim (uncredited)
• Eduardo García as Fausto (uncredited)
• Enrique Santiago as Miguel (uncredited)
• Antonio Molino Rojo as Frisco (uncredited)
• Frank Brana as Blackie (uncredited)
• José Canalejas as Chico (uncredited)
• Nazzareno Natale as Paco (uncredited)

Other characters

• Dante Maggio as Carpenter in cell with El Indio
• José Terrón as Guy Calloway
• Diana Rabito as Calloway's girl in tub
• José Marco as Red "Baby" Cavanagh
• Antoñito Ruiz as Fernando, Manco's El Paso informant
• Giovanni Tarallo as Santa Cruz telegraphist
• Joseph Egger as Old Prophet
• Lorenzo Robledo as Tomaso, El Indio's traitor
• Mara Krupp as Mary, hotel manager's wife
• Mario Meniconi as Train conductor
• Roberto Camardiel as Station clerk
• Sergio Mendizábal as Tucumcari's bank manager
• Tomás Blanco as Tucumcari's sheriff
• Carlo Simi as El Paso's bank manager (uncredited)
• Rosemary Dexter as Mortimer's Sister (uncredited)
• Peter Lee Lawrence as Mortimer's Brother-in-Law (uncredited)
• Sergio Leone as Whistling bounty hunter at the beginning of the film (voice, uncredited)

Production

Development

After the box-office success of A Fistful of Dollars in Italy, director Sergio Leone and his new producer, Alberto Grimaldi, wanted to begin production of a sequel, but they needed to get Clint Eastwood to agree to star in it. Eastwood was not ready to commit to a second film when he had not even seen the first. Quickly, the filmmakers rushed an Italian-language print (a U.S. version did not yet exist) of Per un pugno di dollari to him. The star then gathered a group of friends for a debut screening at CBS Production Center and, not knowing what to expect, tried to keep expectations low by downplaying the film. As the reels unspooled, however, Eastwood's concerns proved to be unfounded. The audience may not have understood Italian, but in terms of style and action, the film spoke volumes. "Everybody enjoyed it just as much as if it had been in English", Eastwood recalled. Soon, he was on the phone with the filmmakers' representative: "Yeah, I'll work for that director again", he said. Charles Bronson was again approached for a starring role but he passed, citing that the sequel's script was like the first film. Instead, Lee Van Cleef accepted the role. Eastwood received $50,000 for returning in the sequel, while Van Cleef received $17,000.

Screenwriter Luciano Vincenzoni wrote the film in nine days. However, Leone was dissatisfied with some of the script's dialogue, and hired Sergio Donati to act as an uncredited script doctor.

Production

The film was shot in Almería, Spain, with interiors done at Rome's Cinecittà Studios. The production designer, Carlo Simi built the town of "El Paso" in the Almería desert: it still exists, as a tourist attraction Mini Hollywood. The town of Agua Caliente, where Indio and his gang flee after the bank robbery, is Albaricoques, a small "pueblo blanco" on the Níjar plain.

Post-production

As all of the film's footage was shot silent (i.e. without recording sound at time of shooting), Eastwood and Van Cleef returned to Italy where they dubbed over their dialogue and sound effects were added. Although it is explicitly stated in the movie that the Colonel Mortimer character is originally from the Carolinas, Van Cleef opted to perform his dialogue using his native New Jersey accent rather than a Southern accent. Gian Maria Volonté also provided his voice for the English dub of the film. However, because he did not speak English, he had to read his lines phonetically with the aid of a translator.

Music

The musical score was composed by Ennio Morricone, who previously collaborated with director Leone on A Fistful of Dollars. Under Leone's explicit direction, Morricone began writing the score before production had started, as Leone often shot to the music on set. The music is notable for its blend of diegetic and non-diegetic moments through a reoccurring motif that originates from the identical pocket watches belonging to El Indio and Colonel Mortimer. "The music that the watch makes transfers your thought to a different place," said Morricone. "The character itself comes out through the watch but in a different situation every time it appears."

A soundtrack album was originally released in Italy by RCA Italiana. In the United States, Hugo Montenegro released a cover version as did Billy Strange and Leroy Holmes who released a cover version of the soundtrack album with the original American poster art. Maurizio Graf sang a vocal "Occhio Per Occhio"/"Eye For An Eye" to the music of the cue "Sixty Seconds to What" track that did not appear in the film but was released as a tie-in 45rpm record.

All songs written and composed by Ennio Morricone. 

Release and reception

For a Few Dollars More was released in Italy in December 1965 as Per Qualche Dollaro in Piu. In the United States, the film debuted on 10 May 1967, four months after the release of A Fistful of Dollars, grossing $5 million.

At the time of its Italian release, the film proved to be even more commercially successful than its predecessor. By 1967, the film became the highest-grossing film of any nationality in the history of Italian cinema. Although, it initially received mediocre reviews from critics. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times said, "The fact that this film is constructed to endorse the exercise of murderers, to emphasize killer bravado and generate glee in frantic manifestations of death is, to my mind, a sharp indictment of it as so-called entertainment in this day." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times described the film as "one great old Western cliché after another" and that the film "is composed of situations and not plots."

The film has since grown in popularity, while also gaining more positive feedback from contemporary critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 94% approval rating with an average rating of 7.8/10 based on 33 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "With Clint Eastwood in the lead, Ennio Morricone on the score, and Sergio Leone's stylish direction, For a Few Dollars More earns its recognition as a genre classic."

In a retrospective review of the Dollars Trilogy, Paul Martinovic of Den of Geek said, "For A Few Dollars More is often overlooked in the trilogy, awkwardly sandwiched between both the original film and the best-known, but it's a stunning film in its own right." Paolo Sardinas of MovieWeb said, "Eastwood gives it his all and turns in another iconic performance along with scene stealer Lee Van Cleef, who helps make For a Few Dollars More twice as good as it's predecessor."

In popular culture

• Lando Buzzanca parodied the film in For a Few Dollars Less (1966).
• An episode of Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears, "For A Few Sovereigns More", references the film with its title and the name and portrayal of its prime antagonist, a bounty hunter named Flint Shrubwood.

References

Bibliography

• Hughes, Howard (2009). Aim for the Heart. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-902-7. 
• Munn, Michael (1992). Clint Eastwood: Hollywood's Loner. London: Robson Books. ISBN 0-86051-790-X. 

External links

• For a Few Dollars More at the Internet Movie Database
• For a Few Dollars More at AllMovie
• For a Few Dollars More at the TCM Movie Database
• For a Few Dollars More at the Spaghetti Western Database
• For a Few Dollars More at Rotten Tomatoes