1938 in film

The year 1938 in film involved some significant events.

Events

• January â€" MGM announces that Judy Garland will be cast in the role of "Dorothy" in the upcoming Wizard of Oz motion picture. Ray Bolger is cast as the "Tinman" and Buddy Ebsen as the "Scarecrow". At Bolger's insistence, the roles are switched between the two actors. On July 25, MGM announces Bert Lahr has been cast as the "Cowardly Lion".
• April 5 â€" Noel Langley completes the first script for The Wizard of Oz.
• May 7 â€" Lyricist Edgar Yipsel Harburg and composer, Harold Arlen, begin work on the musical score for The Wizard of Oz.
• October 13 â€" Filming starts on The Wizard of Oz.
• October 21 â€" Buddy Ebsen suffers from a near fatal allergic reaction to the aluminum dust used in his "Tinman" make-up on the set of The Wizard of Oz. Ebsen is replaced by Jack Haley.
• December 23 â€" Margaret Hamilton is severely burned during a mishap on the set of The Wizard of Oz. Hamilton, who was cast in the role of the "Wicked Witch", leaves the film for six weeks.
• Orson Welles makes Too Much Johnson, starring Joseph Cotten. It is never completed and first released only in 2013.

Top grossing films (U.S.)

At the time, box office numbers were reported as a percentage of business for each theater in comparison to 'normal' business. For example, Alexander's Ragtime Band performed at 227% and The Adventures of Robin Hood at 170%. This is why exact dollar grosses for films are unreliable at best.

Academy Awards

• Best Picture: You Can't Take It With You - Columbia
• Best Director: Frank Capra - You Can't Take it With You
• Best Actor: Spencer Tracy - Boys Town
• Best Actress: Bette Davis - Jezebel

Notable films released in 1938

U.S.A. unless stated

AB

• Adiós Buenos Aires - (Argentina/Spain/Canada)
• The Adventures of Marco Polo, starring Gary Cooper and Basil Rathbone
• The Adventures of Robin Hood, directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone
• The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, directed by Norman Taurog
• Águila o sol (Heads or Tails), starring Cantinflas - (Mexico)
• Alexander Nevsky, directed by Sergei Eisenstein, starring Nikolai Cherkasov - (U.S.S.R.)
• Alexander's Ragtime Band, starring Tyrone Power, Don Ameche, Alice Faye
• Algiers, starring Charles Boyer and Hedy Lamarr
• The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse, starring Edward G. Robinson
• Angels with Dirty Faces, starring James Cagney, Pat O'Brien, Humphrey Bogart

• Bank Holiday, starring Margaret Lockwood - (GB)
• La Bête humaine (The Human Beast), directed by Jean Renoir, starring Jean Gabin and Simone Simon - (France)
• The Big Broadcast of 1938, starring W.C. Fields, Martha Raye, Bob Hope, Dorothy Lamour
• Block-Heads, starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy
• Blondie, starring Penny Singleton
• Bluebeard's Eighth Wife, starring Gary Cooper and Claudette Colbert
• Boys Town, starring Spencer Tracy and Mickey Rooney
• Bringing up Baby, directed by Howard Hawks, starring Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn - number 14 on the American Film Institute list of best comedy films
• The Buccaneer, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Fredric March

CD

• Carefree, starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers
• Carmen, la de Triana (Carmen, the girl from Triana) - (Spain/Germany)
• Charlie Chan in Honolulu, starring Sidney Toler
• A Christmas Carol, starring Reginald Owen
• The Citadel, directed by King Vidor, starring Robert Donat and Rosalind Russell - (GB)
• Climbing High, starring Michael Redgrave and Jessie Matthews - (GB)
• Cocoanut Grove, starring Fred MacMurray
• College Swing, starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, Bob Hope
• Convict 99, starring Will Hay - (GB)
• Crime School, starring The Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart
• The Crowd Roars, starring Robert Taylor and Maureen O'Sullivan

• Dangerous to Know, starring Anna May Wong and Akim Tamiroff
• The Dawn Patrol, starring Errol Flynn
• Diao Chan - (China)
• The Divorce of Lady X, with Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon - (GB)
• The Drum, with Sabu and Raymond Massey - (GB)
• Ducháček Will Fix It (Ducháček to zařídí) - (Czechoslovakia)

EF

• La Femme du Boulanger (The Baker's Wife), directed by Marcel Pagnol, starring Raimu - (France)
• Ferdinand the Bull, a Disney animated short
• Fools for Scandal, starring Carole Lombard
• Four Daughters, starring Claude Rains
• Four Men and a Prayer, directed by John Ford, starring Loretta Young, Richard Greene, David Niven
• Four's a Crowd, starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Rosalind Russell, Patric Knowles

GH

• The Gaunt Stranger, starring Sonnie Hale - (GB)
• The Girl of the Golden West, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy
• Hard to Get, starring Olivia de Havilland and Dick Powell
• Having Wonderful Time, starring Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
• Her Jungle Love, starring Dorothy Lamour and Ray Milland
• Holiday, starring Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant
• Honeysuckle, starring Hugo del Carril and Libertad Lamarque (Argentina)
• Hotel du Nord, directed by Marcel Carné - (France)

IJK

• I Am the Law, starring Edward G. Robinson
• If I Were King, starring Ronald Colman
• Inspector Hornleigh, starring Gordon Harker and Alastair Sim - (GB)
• J'accuse!, directed by Abel Gance - (France)
• Jezebel, starring Bette Davis and Henry Fonda
• Judge Hardy's Children, starring Lewis Stone, Mickey Rooney, Cecilia Parker, Fay Holden
• Just Around the Corner, starring Shirley Temple
• Kentucky, starring Loretta Young, Richard Greene, Walter Brennan.
• Kidnapped, starring Warner Baxter and Freddie Bartholomew
• Kilómetro 111 - (Argentina)
• King Kong Appears in Edo (Edo ni Arawareta Kingu Kongu) - (Japan)

LM

• The Lady Vanishes, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Michael Redgrave and Margaret Lockwood - (GB)
• Listen, Darling, starring Judy Garland and Freddie Bartholomew
• Little Miss Broadway, starring Shirley Temple, Jimmy Durante, Edna May Oliver
• Love Finds Andy Hardy, starring Lewis Stone, Mickey Rooney, Judy Garland, Cecilia Parker, Fay Holden
• Mad About Music, starring Deanna Durbin and Herbert Marshall
• The Mad Miss Manton, starring Barbara Stanwyck and Henry Fonda
• A Man to Remember, starring Anne Shirley and Edward Ellis
• Marie Antoinette, starring Norma Shearer and Tyrone Power
• Men with Wings, directed by William Wellman, starring Fred MacMurray and Ray Milland
• Merrily We Live, starring Brian Aherne, Constance Bennett, Billie Burke, Patsy Kelly, Billie Burke
• Mollenard, directed by Robert Siodmak - (France)
• The Mountain Calls (Der Berg Ruft) - (Germany)
• Mr. Moto's Gamble, starring Peter Lorre and Keye Luke
• Mr. Wong, Detective, starring Boris Karloff
• My Bill, starring Kay Francis, Dickie Moore

NOP

• Of Human Hearts, starring Walter Huston, James Stewart, Beulah Bondi
• Old Bones of the River, starring Will Hay, Moore Marriott, Graham Moffatt - (GB)
• Olympia, a documentary by Leni Riefenstahl - (Germany)
• Out West with the Hardys, starring Lewis Stone, Mickey Rooney, Cecilia Parker, Fay Holden
• Paradise for Three, starring Frank Morgan, Robert Young, Mary Astor
• PaweÅ‚ i GaweÅ‚ (Pawel and Gawel) - (Poland)
• Port of Seven Seas, directed by James Whale, starring Wallace Beery and Maureen O'Sullivan
• Port of Shadows (Le quai des brumes), directed by Marcel Carné, starring Jean Gabin and Michel Simon - (France)
• Prison Break, starring Barton MacLane and Glenda Farrell
• Professor Beware, starring Harold Lloyd
• Professor Mamlock - (U.S.S.R.)
• Pygmalion, directed by Anthony Asquith, starring Leslie Howard and Wendy Hiller - (GB)

QRS

• Radio City Revels, starring Jack Oakie
• Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Shirley Temple
• Red River Range, starring John Wayne
• Room Service, starring the Marx Brothers and Lucille Ball

• The Saint in New York, starring Louis Hayward
• Save a Little Sunshine, starring Patricia Kirkwood and Tommy Trinder - (GB)
• The Shopworn Angel, starring James Stewart and Margaret Sullavan
• Sidewalks of London, starring Charles Laughton, Vivien Leigh, Rex Harrison - (GB)
• The Sisters, starring Errol Flynn and Bette Davis
• Sixty Glorious Years, starring Anna Neagle - (GB)
• Å kola základ života - (Czechoslovakia)
• A Slight Case of Murder, starring Edward G. Robinson
• Suez, starring Tyrone Power and Loretta Young
• Sweethearts, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy

TUV

• Test Pilot, starring Clark Gable and Myrna Loy
• That Certain Age, starring Deanna Durbin and Melvyn Douglas
• There Goes My Heart, starring Fredric March, Virginia Bruce and Patsy Kelly
• They Drive by Night, starring Emlyn Williams and Ernest Thesiger - (GB)
• Three Comrades, starring Robert Taylor, Margaret Sullavan, Franchot Tone
• Too Hot to Handle, starring Clark Gable and Myrna Loy
• Urlaub auf Ehrenwort (Leave on Parole) - (Germany)
• Valley of the Giants, starring Wayne Morris and Claire Trevor
• Vivacious Lady, starring Ginger Rogers and James Stewart
• Volga-Volga - (U.S.S.R.)

WXYZ

• White Banners, starring Claude Rains and Fay Bainter
• A Woman's Face (En kvinnas ansikte), starring Ingrid Bergman - (Sweden)
• Woman Against Woman, starring Herbert Marshall and Virginia Bruce
• A Yank at Oxford, starring Robert Taylor, Lionel Barrymore, Vivien Leigh - (GB)
• You Can't Take It with You, directed by Frank Capra, starring James Stewart, Jean Arthur, Lionel Barrymore - Oscars for best picture and director
• Young Dr. Kildare, starring Lew Ayres and Lionel Barrymore
• The Young in Heart, starring Janet Gaynor, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Paulette Goddard
• La Zandunga, starring Lupe Vélez and Arturo de Córdova - (Mexico)

Serials

• Dick Tracy Returns, starring Ralph Byrd
• The Fighting Devil Dogs, starring Lee Powell and Herman Brix
• Flaming Frontiers
• Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars, starring Buster Crabbe
• The Great Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok
• Hawk of the Wilderness, starring Herman Brix
• The Lone Ranger
• The Secret of Treasure Island
• The Spider's Web
• Red Barry

Comedy film series

• Harold Lloyd (1913-1938)
• Charlie Chaplin (1914â€"1940)
• Lupino Lane (1915â€"1939)
• Buster Keaton (1917â€"1944)
• Laurel and Hardy (1921-1945)
• Our Gang (1922â€"1944)
• The Marx Brothers (1929â€"1937)
• The Three Stooges (1933â€"1962)

Animated short film series

• Krazy Kat (1925â€"1940)
• Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (1927-1938)
• Mickey Mouse (1928â€"1953)
• Silly Symphonies
  • The Moth and the Flame
  • Wynken, Blynken and Nod
  • Farmyard Symphony
  • Merbabies
  • Mother Goose Goes Hollywood
• Screen Songs (1929-1938)
• Looney Tunes (1930â€"1969)
• Terrytoons (1930â€"1964)
• Merrie Melodies (1931â€"1969)
• Scrappy (1931â€"1941)
• Betty Boop (1932â€"1939)
• Popeye (1933â€"1957)
• Happy Harmonies (1934-1938)
• Color Rhapsodies (1934â€"1949)
• Donald Duck (1937â€"1956)
• Walter Lantz Cartunes (also known as New Universal Cartoons or Cartune Comedies) (1938-1942)
• The Captain and the Kids (1938-1939)

Births

• January 1 - Frank Langella, American actor
• January 6 - Larisa Shepitko, Soviet director (died 1979)
• January 12 - Lewis Fiander, Australian actor
• January 14 - Jack Jones, American singer, actor
• January 26 - Henry Jaglom, English-born director and playwright
• February 12 - Oliver Reed, English actor (died 1999)
• February 23 - Diane Varsi, American actress (died 1992)
• February 24 - James Farentino, American actor (died 2012)
• March 4 - Paula Prentiss, American actress
• March 5 - Fred Williamson, American actor
• March 25 - Hoyt Axton, American country music singer-songwriter, actor (died 1999)
• April 15 - Claudia Cardinale, Italian actress
• May 22 - Richard Benjamin, American actor, director
• July 6 - Luana Patten, American actress (died 1996)
• July 9 - Brian Dennehy, American actor
• July 18 - Paul Verhoeven, Dutch director
• July 20
  • Diana Rigg, English actress
  • Natalie Wood, American actress (died 1981)
• August 8 - Connie Stevens, American actress, singer
• September 2 - Clarence Felder, American actor
• September 28 - Ben E. King, American soul singer
• October 22 - Christopher Lloyd, American actor
• November 13 - Jean Seberg, American actress (died 1979)
• December 12 - Connie Francis, American singer, actress
• December 16 - Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress
• December 29 - Jon Voight, American actor

Deaths

• January 20 - Émile Cohl, French Film Pioneer
• January 21 - Georges Méliès, French Film Pioneer
• January 26 - Matthew Betz, American actor
• August 4 - Pearl White, American silent film star
• August 6 - Warner Oland, Swedish-born actor
• September 19 - Pauline Frederick, stage & film actress.
• October 1 - Conway Tearle, stage & film actor
• December 25 - Harry Myers, film actor and director
• December 28 - Florence Lawrence, Hollywood's first "star"

Debuts

• John Garfield - Swingtime in the Movies
• William Holden - Prison Farm
• Maureen O'Hara - The Playboy
• Vincent Price - Service de Luxe

References

1. ^ Box Office Digest, March 1939, p.18